Muscle and joint forces of the lumbar spine and hip joint during the bridging exercise were estimated at knee flexion angles of 60°, 90°, and 120° utilizing motion capture data. Fifteen healthy young males (average age: 23.5 ± 2.2 years) participated in this study. The purpose of this study was to use a musculoskeletal model simulation to examine joint and muscle forces during bridging at three different knee joint angle positions. However, the effect of lower limb positioning on the joint and muscle forces during the bridging exercise has not been analyzed.

There is a need for reconsideration of the current exercise guidelines in stronger individuals with PFP.īridging exercise is commonly used to increase the strength of the hip extensor and trunk muscles in physical therapy practice. The results of this study demonstrate that the current exercise recommendations can improve function and kinesiophobia and reduce pain and AMI in individuals with PFP. Quadriceps strength was not different after the six-week exercise programme (isometric: p = 0.992, concentric: p = 0.075, eccentric: p = 0.351). Running biomechanics during stance phase did not change after the exercise intervention.

Function, kinesiophobia and quadriceps AMI improved significantly after the six-week exercise programme (KUJALA: p = 0.001, KOOS: p = 0.0001, Tampa: p = 0.017, AMI: p = 0.018). Symptoms, function measured by using the KUJALA scale and KOOS, kinesiophobia measured by using the Tampa scale, three-dimensional biomechanical running data, quadriceps isometric, concentric and eccentric strength and arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) were acquired before and after the six-week exercise programme.Īlthough pain did not significantly improve all patients were pain-free after the six-week exercise programme (NPRS: p = 0.074). The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of such a rehabilitative exercise programme on pain, function, kinesiophobia, running biomechanics, quadriceps strength and quadriceps muscle inhibition in individuals with PFP. Guidelines for a comprehensive rehabilitation programme for patellofemoral pain (PFP) have been developed by international experts. Therefore, we recommend including CE in an exercise program that has the purpose of improving static balance ability. Furthermore, muscle activation significantly increases in Gmed and decreases in the RF, TA, and RF/BF ratio. Both CE and CSE improved the static balance ability. In muscle activation, CE showed a significant increase in the gluteus medius (Gmed) and decrease in the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and RF/biceps femoris (BF) ratio in the eye-opened condition compared to the baseline and a significant decrease in RF and RF/BF ratio in the eye-closed condition (p < 0.05). In comparisons among exercises, the path length and average velocity variables showed a significant decrease in the eye-opened condition, and the path length variable showed a significant decrease in the eye-closed condition (p < 0.05). In balance ability, CE showed a significant difference in all variables in both eye-opened and eye-closed conditions compared with the baseline (p < 0.05). The primary and secondary outcomes were balance ability and muscle activation, respectively. All performed CE and CSE for 1 min each the exercise order was randomized. Twenty-nine healthy male adults were included.

This study investigated the effects of short-term complex exercise (CE) and core stability exercise (CSE) on balance ability and trunk and lower-extremity muscle activation on healthy male adults.

Balance ability is a necessary exercise factor required for the activities of daily living.

Banded abduction